起動と終了

5.1. 起動

CON12 に電源を接続すると、Armadillo-IoT ゲートウェイ A6が起動します。

[注記]

サブユニットのスライドスイッチやユーザースイッチによって起動モードが変わります。 詳しくは 「接続方法」「スライドスイッチの設定について」「U-Boot の起動モード」 を参照してください。

本章では、保守モードで起動したときの例を示します。 オートブートモードで起動した場合は、途中でコマンドを入力することなく起動が完了します。

初めて起動した時は、 U-Boot の環境変数が eMMC に書き込まれていないために、上記のような Warning が表示されます。

U-Boot 2018.03-at8 (Feb 17 2020 - 19:19:00 +0900)

CPU:   Freescale i.MX6ULL rev1.1 at 396 MHz
Reset cause: POR
I2C:   ready
DRAM:  512 MiB
MMC:   FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1
Loading Environment from MMC... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

Failed (-5)
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
PMIC: PFUZE3000 DEV_ID=0x30 REV_ID=0x11
Net:   FEC
=>

図5.1 電源投入直後のログ (U-Bootの環境変数が eMMC に無い場合)


env save すると、次の起動から表示されなくなります。 詳しくは 10章ブートローダー (U-Boot) 仕様 を参照してください。

U-Boot 2018.03-at8 (Feb 17 2020 - 19:19:00 +0900)

CPU:   Freescale i.MX6ULL rev1.0 at 396 MHz
Reset cause: POR
I2C:   ready
DRAM:  512 MiB
MMC:   FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1
Loading Environment from MMC... OK
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
PMIC: PFUZE3000 DEV_ID=0x30 REV_ID=0x11
Net:   FEC
=>

図5.2 電源投入直後のログ (U-Bootの環境変数が eMMC にある場合)


Linux システム (Debian 10 "buster") を起動するには、次のように boot コマンドを実行してください。コマンドを実行するとブートローダーが Linux システムを起動させます。シリアル通信ソフトウェアには Linux の起動ログが表示されます。

=> boot
7253776 bytes read in 221 ms (31.3 MiB/s)
26390 bytes read in 54 ms (476.6 KiB/s)
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 82000000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-4.14-at30-00002-gf0ee53950
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    7253712 Bytes = 6.9 MiB
   Load Address: 82000000
   Entry Point:  82000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 83000000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x83000000
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
   Loading Device Tree to 9eef9000, end 9ef02715 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.14-at30-00002-gf0ee53950596 (atmark@atde8) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-2)) #2 Thu Mar 11 13:21:17 JST 2021
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
[    0.000000] CPU: div instructions available: patching division code
[    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Atmark Techno Armadillo-IoT Gateway A6
[    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x9f000000
[    0.000000] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 129920
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 490896K/524288K available (6144K kernel code, 273K rwdata, 1396K rodata, 3072K init, 243K bss, 17008K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff800000   ( 496 MB)
[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000   ( 512 MB)
[    0.000000]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0700000   (7136 kB)
[    0.000000]       .init : 0xc0900000 - 0xc0c00000   (3072 kB)
[    0.000000]       .data : 0xc0c00000 - 0xc0c44560   ( 274 kB)
[    0.000000]        .bss : 0xc0c49810 - 0xc0c8680c   ( 244 kB)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[    0.000000] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 41ns
[    0.000016] sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
[    0.000054] clocksource: mxc_timer1: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns
[    0.001770] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.002379] console [tty0] enabled
[    0.002448] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=240000)
[    0.002506] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.002926] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.002982] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.004198] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.005291] Setting up static identity map for 0x80100000 - 0x80100060
[    0.007326] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.016729] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0x84/0x1a4 with crng_init=0
[    0.017224] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5
[    0.017627] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[    0.017706] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)
[    0.019031] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[    0.020318] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.022221] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[    0.030364] vdd3p0: supplied by regulator-dummy
[    0.031204] cpu: supplied by regulator-dummy
[    0.032004] vddsoc: supplied by regulator-dummy
[    0.045197] imx6ul-pinctrl 20e0000.iomuxc: initialized IMX pinctrl driver
[    0.045631] imx6ul-pinctrl 2290000.iomuxc-snvs: initialized IMX pinctrl driver
[    0.074176] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.074542] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.074648] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.074762] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.076088] i2c-gpio i2c-gpio1: using pins 31 (SDA) and 30 (SCL)
[    0.077060] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[    0.078196] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22
[    0.078299] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[    0.078334] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[    0.078388] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[    0.078430] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[    0.078469] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[    0.079493] clocksource: Switched to clocksource mxc_timer1
[    0.095413] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.096567] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.096703] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.096830] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
[    0.097027] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.097096] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.097427] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.098118] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[    0.098173] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[    0.098206] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[    0.098239] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[    0.427959] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=17 bucket_order=3
[    0.444051] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[    0.446126] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[    0.446230] Key type id_resolver registered
[    0.446267] Key type id_legacy registered
[    0.446745] fuse init (API version 7.26)
[    0.454843] NET: Registered protocol family 38
[    0.455412] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 250)
[    0.455474] io scheduler noop registered
[    0.455508] io scheduler deadline registered
[    0.455954] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[    0.467114] 21e8000.serial: ttymxc1 at MMIO 0x21e8000 (irq = 49, base_baud = 5000000) is a IMX
[    0.467917] imx-sdma 20ec000.sdma: loaded firmware 3.3
[    0.469075] 21ec000.serial: ttymxc2 at MMIO 0x21ec000 (irq = 50, base_baud = 5000000) is a IMX
[    0.469164] Console IMX rounded baud rate from 114943 to 114900
[    0.998494] console [ttymxc2] enabled
[    1.004581] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[    1.009058] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
[    1.014648] CAN device driver interface
[    1.020380] fec 2188000.ethernet: 2188000.ethernet supply phy not found, using dummy regulator
[    1.030428] libphy: fec_enet_mii_bus: probed
[    1.070647] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
[    1.075427] usbcore: registered new interface driver awl13
[    1.081031] pegasus: v0.9.3 (2013/04/25), Pegasus/Pegasus II USB Ethernet driver
[    1.088539] usbcore: registered new interface driver pegasus
[    1.094355] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8150
[    1.100139] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8152
[    1.105729] usbcore: registered new interface driver lan78xx
[    1.111519] usbcore: registered new interface driver asix
[    1.117004] usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a
[    1.123221] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[    1.129145] usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080
[    1.134923] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset
[    1.140962] usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus
[    1.146648] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm
[    1.152373] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    1.158934] ehci-mxc: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host driver
[    1.164549] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_acm
[    1.170288] cdc_acm: USB Abstract Control Model driver for USB modems and ISDN adapters
[    1.178401] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    1.184653] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
[    1.190627] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
[    1.197237] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for generic
[    1.203364] usbcore: registered new interface driver cp210x
[    1.209036] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for cp210x
[    1.215084] usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio
[    1.220943] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device
[    1.228344] usbcore: registered new interface driver mxuport
[    1.234114] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for MOXA UPort
[    1.240506] usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303
[    1.246155] usbserial: USB Serial support registered for pl2303
[    1.257996] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: EHCI Host Controller
[    1.263041] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[    1.299532] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[    1.306468] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.310425] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.319581] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.1: EHCI Host Controller
[    1.324565] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[    1.359534] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.1: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[    1.366477] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[    1.370430] hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
[    1.376337] udc-core: couldn't find an available UDC - added [g_cdc] to list of pending drivers
[    1.391520] rtc-nr3225sa 4-0032: registered as rtc0
[    1.397627] snvs_rtc 20cc000.snvs:snvs-rtc-lp: registered as rtc1
[    1.404121] i2c /dev entries driver
[    1.408090] IR NEC protocol handler initialized
[    1.412729] IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
[    1.417814] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
[    1.422418] IR JVC protocol handler initialized
[    1.426975] IR Sony protocol handler initialized
[    1.431650] IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
[    1.436384] IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
[    1.441136] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
[    1.446997] IR XMP protocol handler initialized
[    1.453924] imx2-wdt 20bc000.wdog: timeout 60 sec (nowayout=0)
[    1.460281] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
[    1.466059] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[    1.472336] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[    1.476727] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[    1.549538] mmc0: SDHCI controller on 2190000.usdhc [2190000.usdhc] using ADMA
[    1.619969] mmc1: SDHCI controller on 2194000.usdhc [2194000.usdhc] using ADMA
[    1.638398] mmc0: new DDR MMC card at address 0001
[    1.644685] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L 3.53 GiB
[    1.650508] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    1.656129] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    1.661906] mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 1 2.00 MiB
[    1.672562] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[    1.677694] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (8192 buckets, 32768 max)
[    1.684292] nf_tables: (c) 2007-2009 Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
[    1.690969] nf_tables_compat: (c) 2012 Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
[    1.698913] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    1.705898] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    1.712129] mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 2 2.00 MiB
[    1.718697] mmcblk0gp0: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 4 8.00 MiB
[    1.725036] mmcblk0gp1: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 5 8.00 MiB
[    1.731355] mmcblk0gp2: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 6 8.00 MiB
[    1.738637] mmcblk0gp3: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 7 8.00 MiB
[    1.746093] mmcblk0rpmb: mmc0:0001 Q2J55L partition 3 4.00 MiB, chardev (248:0)
[    1.758680] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    1.762622] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    1.769841] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    1.774357] can: controller area network core (rev 20170425 abi 9)
[    1.780974] NET: Registered protocol family 29
[    1.785464] can: raw protocol (rev 20170425)
[    1.789816] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20170425 t)
[    1.795527] can: netlink gateway (rev 20170425) max_hops=1
[    1.803690]  mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3
[    1.810219] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[    1.815216] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[    1.820438] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[    1.824220] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[    1.829600] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[    1.834872] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[    1.839896] Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
[    1.845855] Bluetooth: HIDP socket layer initialized
[    1.851008] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    1.856123] cpu cpu0: _opp_add: duplicate OPPs detected. Existing: freq: 900000000, volt: 1275000, enabled: 1. New: freq: 900000000, volt: 1275000, enabled: 1
[    1.870475] cpu cpu0: _opp_add: duplicate OPPs detected. Existing: freq: 792000000, volt: 1225000, enabled: 1. New: freq: 792000000, volt: 1225000, enabled: 1
[    1.884754] cpu cpu0: _opp_add: duplicate OPPs detected. Existing: freq: 528000000, volt: 1175000, enabled: 1. New: freq: 528000000, volt: 1175000, enabled: 1
[    1.899022] cpu cpu0: _opp_add: duplicate OPPs detected. Existing: freq: 396000000, volt: 1025000, enabled: 1. New: freq: 396000000, volt: 1025000, enabled: 1
[    1.913284] cpu cpu0: _opp_add: duplicate OPPs detected. Existing: freq: 198000000, volt: 950000, enabled: 1. New: freq: 198000000, volt: 950000, enabled: 1
[    1.928226] ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
[    1.932584] random: fast init done
[    1.980948] input: gpio-keys as /devices/soc0/gpio-keys/input/input0
[    1.988768] input: gpio-wakeup as /devices/soc0/gpio-wakeup/input/input1
[    1.999317] rtc-nr3225sa 4-0032: setting system clock to 2021-03-15 05:01:24 UTC (1615784484)
[    2.008493] ALSA device list:
[    2.011560]   No soundcards found.
[    2.015130] Warning: unable to open an initial console.
[    2.025928] Freeing unused kernel memory: 3072K
[    2.180750] systemd-udevd[83]: starting version 215
[    2.187938] random: systemd-udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
[    3.344328] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[    3.878318] systemd[1]: systemd 241 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN2 +IDN -PCRE2 default-hierarchy=hybrid)
[    3.900763] systemd[1]: Detected architecture arm.

Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)!

[    3.940591] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <armadillo>.
[    5.497729] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
[    5.518400] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
[    5.526666] systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[    5.560424] random: systemd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read)
[    5.568229] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[  OK  ] Set up automount Arbitrary…s File System Automount Point.
[    5.610751] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[  OK  ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[    5.650813] systemd[1]: Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.
[  OK  ] Listening on fsck to fsckd communication Socket.
[    5.693444] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[  OK  ] Created slice User and Session Slice.
[    5.734281] systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
[  OK  ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
[    5.769946] systemd[1]: Reached target Slices.
[  OK  ] Reached target Slices.
[  OK  ] Created slice system-getty.slice.
[  OK  ] Started Forward Password R…uests to Wall Directory Watch.
[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket.
         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems.
[  OK  ] Listening on Syslog Socket.
         Starting Load Kernel Modules...
[  OK  ] Listening on udev Control Socket.
[    6.065799] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null)
         Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...
         Starting Journal Service...
[  OK  ] Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[  OK  ] Reached target Swap.
[  OK  ] Started Dispatch Password …ts to Console Directory Watch.
[  OK  ] Reached target Local Encrypted Volumes.
[  OK  ] Reached target Paths.
[  OK  ] Started Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[  OK  ] Started Load Kernel Modules.
         Mounting FUSE Control File System...
         Mounting Kernel Configuration File System...
         Starting Apply Kernel Variables...
         Starting Create System Users...
         Starting Load/Save Random Seed...
[  OK  ] Mounted FUSE Control File System.
[  OK  ] Mounted Kernel Configuration File System.
[  OK  ] Started Apply Kernel Variables.
[  OK  ] Started Load/Save Random Seed.
[  OK  ] Started Journal Service.
[  OK  ] Started Create System Users.
         Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...
         Starting Flush Journal to Persistent Storage...
[  OK  ] Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[    7.652477] systemd-journald[158]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems (Pre).
[  OK  ] Reached target Local File Systems.
         Starting netfilter persistent configuration...
         Starting udev Kernel Device Manager...
[  OK  ] Started udev Coldplug all Devices.
[  OK  ] Started Flush Journal to Persistent Storage.
[  OK  ] Started netfilter persistent configuration.
[  OK  ] Reached target Network (Pre).
         Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...
         Starting Helper to synchronize boot up for ifupdown...
[  OK  ] Started udev Kernel Device Manager.
[  OK  ] Started Helper to synchronize boot up for ifupdown.
         Starting Raise network interfaces...
[  OK  ] Started Raise network interfaces.
[  OK  ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories.
         Starting Network Time Synchronization...
         Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...
[  OK  ] Found device /dev/ttymxc2.
[  OK  ] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.
[  OK  ] Started Network Time Synchronization.
[  OK  ] Found device /dev/mmcblk0gp0.
         Mounting /opt/license...
[  OK  ] Started ifup for eth0.
[   12.412390] squashfs: SQUASHFS error: Can't find a SQUASHFS superblock on mmcblk0gp0
[  OK  ] Reached target System Time Synchronized.
[  OK  ] Reached target System Initialization.
[  OK  ] Started Daily man-db regeneration.
[  OK  ] Started Daily apt download activities.
[  OK  ] Started Daily rotation of log files.
[  OK  ] Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
[  OK  ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.
[  OK  ] Reached target Sockets.
[  OK  ] Reached target Basic System.
[  OK  ] Started Control EMS31 on Armadillo.
[  OK  ] Reached target Network.
[   12.760246] SMSC LAN8710/LAN8720 2188000.ethernet-1:00: attached PHY driver [SMSC LAN8710/LAN8720] (mii_bus:phy_addr=2188000.ethernet-1:00, irq=POLL)
         Starting Restore /etc/reso… the ppp link was shut down...
[   12.826705] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
         Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
[  OK  ] Started D-Bus System Message Bus.
[  OK  ] Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
[  OK  ] Reached target Timers.
         Starting System Logging Service...
         Starting Deferred execution scheduler...
         Starting Login Service...
[  OK  ] Started Regular background program processing daemon.
         Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility...
         Starting Permit User Sessions...
[  OK  ] Started System Logging Service.
[  OK  ] Mounted /opt/license.
[  OK  ] Started Restore /etc/resol…re the ppp link was shut down.
[  OK  ] Started Deferred execution scheduler.
[  OK  ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.
[  OK  ] Started Permit User Sessions.
[  OK  ] Started Getty on tty1.
[  OK  ] Started Serial Getty on ttymxc2.
[  OK  ] Reached target Login Prompts.
[  OK  ] Started Login Service.
[   14.890012] fec 2188000.ethernet eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control rx/tx
[   14.897929] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready

Debian GNU/Linux 10 armadillo ttymxc2

armadillo login:

5.2. ログイン

5.2.1. 新しいパスワードの準備

初めてログインしたときは、パスワードの変更を促されます。事前に新しいパスワードを用意してください。 設定するパスワードには大文字のアルファベット、小文字のアルファベット、0から9までの数字、その他(記号・句読点など)を含める事ができます。

表5.1 パスワードに設定可能な値

項目 範囲

大文字のアルファベット

A~Z

小文字のアルファベット

a~z

数字

0~9

その他(記号・句読点など)

!"#$%&‘()*+,–./:;<⇒?@[\]^_`{|}~


表5.1「パスワードに設定可能な値」の中から、4つの項目を全て含めた場合は、6文字以上でなければパスワードの安全性が低いためエラーとなります。 項目が3つの場合は7文字以上。項目が2つの場合は8文字以上。項目が1つの場合は9文字以上のパスワードを設定して下さい。 また、"ABCDEDCBA"など左右対称のパスワードはエラーとなるため使用しないで下さい。

[ティップ]

パスワードを自動生成するpwgenコマンドがあります。作業用 PCにpwgenをインストールして、9桁のパスワードを生成する例を次に示します。

[PC ~]$ sudo apt-get install pwgen
[PC ~]$ pwgen -y 9 1
********* # 9桁の値が生成されます。

5.2.2. 初回ログインと新しいパスワードの設定

初めてログインしたときは、パスワードを変更するようにメッセージが表示されます。以下の手順に従って、パスワードを変更してください。

  1. rootでログイン

    パスワードを変更します。

    You are required to change your password immediately (root enforced)
    Changing password for root.
    (current) UNIX password: root # 初期パスワード"root"を入力
    Enter new UNIX password: # 新しいパスワードを入力
    Retype new UNIX password: # 新しいパスワードを再入力
  2. atmarkでログイン

    パスワードを変更します。

    You are required to change your password immediately (root enforced)
    Changing password for atmark.
    (current) UNIX password: atmark # 初期パスワード"atmark"を入力
    Enter new UNIX password: # 新しいパスワードを入力
    Retype new UNIX password: # 新しいパスワードを再入力
[警告]

Armadillo-IoT ゲートウェイ A6はネットワークに接続されることを前提としている機器です。最終製品として作り上げる場合は、外部からのログインは極力できないようにすることをお勧めします。どうしてもログインが必要な場合は、セキュリティ強度の高いパスワードを設定し、その後も適切にパスワードを運用されることを強くお勧めします。

5.3. Debianのユーザを管理する

例として guest というユーザを作成、パスワードの変更、sudo を許可する方法を紹介します。

[armadillo ~]# adduser guest
Adding user ` [user_name] ' ...
Adding new group `guest' (1001) ...
Adding new user `guest' (1001) with group `guest' ...
Creating home directory `/home/guest' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: # パスワードを入力
Retype new UNIX password: # 再入力
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for guest
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
        Full Name []: # Enter を入力
        Room Number []: # Enter を入力
        Work Phone []: # Enter を入力
        Home Phone []: # Enter を入力
        Other []: # Enter を入力
Is the information correct? [Y/n] # Enter を入力

図5.3 ユーザの作成


[armadillo ~]# passwd guest
Enter new UNIX password: # 新しいパスワードを入力
Retype new UNIX password: # 再入力

図5.4 パスワードの変更


[armadillo ~]# sudo usermod -a -G sudo guest

図5.5 sudo を許可


[armadillo ~]# deluser guest
  or
[armadillo ~]# deluser --remove-home guest

図5.6 ユーザの削除


ホームディレクトリも合わせて消したいときは、 --remove-home オプションをつけます。

5.4. 終了方法

安全に終了させる場合は、次のようにコマンドを実行し、「reboot: System halted」と表示されたのを確認してから電源を切断します。

[armadillo ~]# halt
[  OK  ] Stopped target Graphical Interface.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Multi-User System.
         Stopping Regular background program processing daemon...
         Stopping Deferred execution scheduler...
         Stopping OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
         Stopping System Logging Service...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Login Prompts.
         Stopping Serial Getty on ttymxc2...
[  OK  ] Stopped Session c1 of user root.
         Stopping Login Service...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Timers.
[  OK  ] Stopped Daily man-db regeneration.
[  OK  ] Stopped Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
[  OK  ] Stopped Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
         Stopping User Manager for UID 0...
[  OK  ] Stopped Daily apt download activities.
[  OK  ] Stopped Daily rotation of log files.
[  OK  ] Stopped target System Time Synchronized.
[  OK  ] Stopped System Logging Service.
[  OK  ] Stopped Regular background program processing daemon.
[  OK  ] Stopped Deferred execution scheduler.
[  OK  ] Stopped Getty on tty1.
[  OK  ] Stopped Serial Getty on ttymxc2.
[  OK  ] Stopped OpenBSD Secure Shell server.
[  OK  ] Stopped User Manager for UID 0.
         Stopping User Runtime Directory /run/user/0...
[  OK  ] Removed slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
[  OK  ] Removed slice system-getty.slice.
[  OK  ] Stopped /etc/rc.local Compatibility.
[  OK  ] Unmounted /run/user/0.
[  OK  ] Stopped Login Service.
[  OK  ] Stopped User Runtime Directory /run/user/0.
         Stopping D-Bus System Message Bus...
[  OK  ] Removed slice User Slice of UID 0.
         Stopping Permit User Sessions...
[  OK  ] Reached target Unmount All Filesystems.
[  OK  ] Stopped D-Bus System Message Bus.
[  OK  ] Stopped Permit User Sessions.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Network.
         Stopping ifup for eth0...
         Stopping Control EMS31 on Armadillo...
         Stopping Raise network interfaces...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Remote File Systems.
[  OK  ] Stopped Raise network interfaces.
[  OK  ] Stopped Control EMS31 on Armadillo.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Basic System.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Sockets.
[  OK  ] Closed Syslog Socket.
[  OK  ] Closed D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.
[  OK  ] Stopped target System Initialization.
         Stopping Network Time Synchronization...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Swap.
         Stopping Load/Save Random Seed...
         Stopping Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...
[  OK  ] Stopped target Local Encrypted Volumes.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Paths.
[  OK  ] Stopped Forward Password R…uests to Wall Directory Watch.
[  OK  ] Stopped Dispatch Password …ts to Console Directory Watch.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Slices.
[  OK  ] Removed slice User and Session Slice.
[  OK  ] Stopped Network Time Synchronization.
[  OK  ] Stopped Load/Save Random Seed.
[  OK  ] Stopped Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.
[  OK  ] Stopped Create Volatile Files and Directories.
[  OK  ] Stopped ifup for eth0.
[  OK  ] Stopped Apply Kernel Variables.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Network (Pre).
         Stopping netfilter persistent configuration...
[  OK  ] Stopped netfilter persistent configuration.
[  OK  ] Stopped Load Kernel Modules.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Local File Systems.
[  OK  ] Stopped target Local File Systems (Pre).
[  OK  ] Stopped Create Static Device Nodes in /dev.
[  OK  ] Stopped Create System Users.
[  OK  ] Stopped Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[  OK  ] Reached target Shutdown.
[  OK  ] Reached target Final Step.
         Starting Halt...
[ 89.022696] systemd-shutdow: 35 output lines suppressed due to ratelimiting
[ 89.125737] systemd-shutdown[1]: Syncing filesystems and block devices.
[ 89.147069] systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGTERM to remaining processes...
[ 89.166150] systemd-journald[158]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd-shutdow).
[ 89.186341] systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGKILL to remaining processes...
[ 89.205342] systemd-shutdown[1]: Unmounting file systems.
[ 89.217901] [1085]: Remounting '/' read-only in with options 'data=ordered'.
[ 89.246392] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: data=ordered
[ 89.271636] systemd-shutdown[1]: All filesystems unmounted.
[ 89.277274] systemd-shutdown[1]: Deactivating swaps.
[ 89.282983] systemd-shutdown[1]: All swaps deactivated.
[ 89.288271] systemd-shutdown[1]: Detaching loop devices.
[ 89.294522] systemd-shutdown[1]: All loop devices detached.
[ 89.300153] systemd-shutdown[1]: Detaching DM devices.
[ 89.346219] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.1: remove, state 4
[ 89.350734] usb usb2: USB disconnect, device number 1
[ 89.356983] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.1: USB bus 2 deregistered
[ 89.365443] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: remove, state 4
[ 89.369937] usb usb1: USB disconnect, device number 1
[ 89.376110] ci_hdrc ci_hdrc.0: USB bus 1 deregistered
[ 89.381502] reboot: System halted
[警告]

ストレージにデータを書き込んでいる途中に電源を切断した場合、ファイルシステム、及び、データが破損する恐れがあります。ストレージをアンマウントしてから電源を切断するようにご注意ください。

[ティップ]

poweroffコマンドでもArmadillo-IoT ゲートウェイ A6を終了させることができます。

[armadillo ~]# poweroff
: (省略)
[   30.356097] reboot: Power down